Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice

Specific genes associated with adverse events of methylphenidate use in the pediatric population: A systematic literature review

Beinta Joensen; Morten Meyer; Lise Aagaard

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 65-72

Abstract

The aim of this study was to review empirical studies examining associations between candidate genes and adverse events (AEs) from methylphenidate (MPH) use in children and adolescents. ... Read More The aim of this study was to review empirical studies examining associations between candidate genes and adverse events (AEs) from methylphenidate (MPH) use in children and adolescents. The PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception until March 2017. We included empirically based articles on pharmacogenetic studies in 0–17-year-old patients that investigated associations between specific candidate genes, their polymorphisms, and reported AEs. We extracted information about study design, setting, type of AE reporter, studied genes and their polymorphisms, age and gender, administered doses, method of genotyping, outcome measures, and main findings. A total of nine articles reporting information about four double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over studies and five open-label cohort studies were eligible for inclusion. Studies were published from 2006 onward and included a total of 998 patients (3–17-year-olds) diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies predominantly involved males and lasted from 1 to 12 weeks. Studies used polymerase chain reaction and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping methodology. Reported AEs were significantly associated with the following genes: appetite reduction (CES1*G); buccal-lingual movements (T1065G); diastolic blood pressure (ADRA2A Mspl C/C-GC); emotionality (DAT1*9/9); irritability (SNAP25 T1065G); picking (DRD4*7/DRD4*4); social withdrawal (DRD4*7/DRD4*4); somatic complaints (DAT1*10/10); tics (5-HTTLRP*S/L*L/L; SNAP25 T1065G); sadness (CES1*rsl12443580); and vegetative symptoms (5-HTTLPR). In conclusion, only few MPH pediatric pharmacogenetic studies were located, and large between-study heterogeneity was found. Studies were of naturalistic design and of short duration. They included small patient samples, poorly standardized treatment regimens, and limited outcome assessments. In the future, more pharmacogenomic studies in ADHD are needed, preferably using randomized, controlled study designs and of longer duration (more than 6 months).

Severity of gastrointestinal side effects of metformin tablet compared to metformin capsule in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Mansour Siavash; Majid Tabbakhian; Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee; Niloufar Razavi

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 73-76

Abstract

This study was designed to compare the severity of gastrointestinal (GI) side effects in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients receiving tablet or capsule forms of metformin. Methods: In ... Read More

Evaluation of the interaction of intravenous and oral voriconazole with oral cyclosporine in iranian HSCT patients

Hamidreza Taghvaye Masoumi; Molouk Hadjibabaie; Mohammad Vaezi; Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 77-82

Abstract

Voriconazole as a triazole antifungal agent is widely used for prophylaxis or treatment of fungal infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It can increase ... Read More

Training and validation of standardized patients for assessing communication and counseling skills of pharmacy students: A pilot study

Mahboobeh Khabaz Mafinejad; Mansoor Rastegarpanah; Fereshteh Moosavi; Mandana Shirazi

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 83-88

Abstract

The objective of this study is to describe the process of training valid simulated patients (SPs) for assessing communication and counseling skills of pharmacy students' performance. Methods: This ... Read More The objective of this study is to describe the process of training valid simulated patients (SPs) for assessing communication and counseling skills of pharmacy students' performance. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and correlational study. Psychometric properties of checklist and SPs' portrayals and their filling of the checklist regarding assessing pharmacy students were assessed. Five SPs who were working in the simulated patient's pool were volunteered to take part in the project, which one of the SPs failed. Three scenarios, along with corresponding checklists, were developed based on the usual medications of different diseases consisting of asthma, respiratory infections, and osteoporosis. The SPs' role-play performance was video-recorded and rated independently by two experts according to an observational rating scale to assess validity. The role-play was repeated after 1 week with the same scenario and the same doctor, to assess test-retest reliability. The inter-rater agreement between SPs and experts was determined by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient and kappa coefficient. Findings: The four eligible SPs were all women, with an average age of 37 years. The correlation between mean scores of raters and mean scores of SPs was 0.91 and 0.85, respectively. The Pearson's correlation between mean scores of raters with SPs was 0.75. The checklists' reliability, Cronbach's alpha, was calculated to be 0.72. The measured weighted Cohen's kappa for the ratings of by each SP, and the gold standard was between 0.53 and 0.57, indicating a moderate agreement. The inter-rater reliability kappa coefficient between raters was 0.75 (P = 0.01).Conclusion: The authors have demonstrated the technique of using standardized patients to evaluate communication and counseling skills of pharmacy students. The findings indicated that trained SPs can be used as an effective tool to assess pharmacy students' communication and counseling skills.

Comparing the effects of zinc sulfate, calcium pantothenate, their combination and minoxidil solution regimens on controlling hair loss in women: A randomized controlled trial

Mansour Siavash; Fereshteh Tavakoli; Fatemeh Mokhtari

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 89-93

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the combination of oral supplements with 2% minoxidil solution in four groups of women with hair loss. Methods: A prospective, randomized ... Read More This study was conducted to evaluate the combination of oral supplements with 2% minoxidil solution in four groups of women with hair loss. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted from July to December 2016 in dermatology clinics affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. A total of 73, 15–45-year-old, women with hair loss participated in this 4-month study. Simple randomization using Random Allocation Software was done to put the participants in four groups to receive coadministration of zinc sulfate and calcium pantothenate, zinc sulfate, calcium pantothenate, and 2% minoxidil solution. The primary endpoint was the change in hair density and diameter measured by dermatoscope. Secondary endpoints included the researcher's evaluation, dermatologist's opinion - which was blinded to the study - from comparing the participants' photographs before and after treatment and finally, overall changes in hair density measured by participants' self-assessment. Findings: Seventy-three women participated in this study. Primary hair count and thickness were 118.5 ± 10 hairs/cm2 and 58.8 ± 5.8 μ that changed to 124 ± 11 hairs/cm2 and 62.3 ± 4.3 μ respectively (P < 0.001) which in the zinc plus pantothenate group these changes were from 118.6 ± 9.9 hairs/cm2 to 121.9 ± 11.1 hairs/cm2 (P = 0.042) and from 62.2 ± 6.6 μ to 64.0 ± 5.0 μ (P = 0.126), respectively. Hair density increments were more obvious in the minoxidil group, and hair thickness increments were more obvious in pantothenate group. Participants' satisfaction was 85% in the combination therapy which was more than other groups. Participants' satisfaction, author's and blind dermatologist's opinion showed a significant correlation (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the participants' satisfaction, the combination of zinc sulfate and calcium pantothenate when administered in a pulse therapy way could be a good choice for hair loss controlling in initial stages.

Effect of pretreatment with omega-3 supplement on cardiac necrosis markers in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention

Farzaneh Foroughinia; Maryam Foroozmehr

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 94-99

Abstract

Studies have demonstrated the direct relation between elevation in cardiac necrosis markers and increased risk of cardiovascular complications after percutaneous coronary intervention ... Read More

Medication errors in patients with enteral feeding tubes in the intensive care unit

Seyed Mojtaba Sohrevardi; Mohammad Hossein Jarahzadeh; Ehsan Mirzaei; Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili; Arefeh Dehghani Tafti; Behrooz Heydari

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 100-105

Abstract

Most patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU) have problems in using oral medication or ingesting solid forms of drugs. Selecting the most suitable dosage form in such patients ... Read More

Developing an economic case of clinical pharmacists' interventions on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis through service evaluation

Eun Hee Lee; Victoria Bray; Robert Horne

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 106-113

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has become a huge health problem as well as a financial burden for the National Health Service. The objective of this study was to characterize current ... Read More

Impact of pharmacist intervention on appropriate insulin pen use in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rural area in Iran

Aida Sefidani Forough; Parsa Riazi Esfahani

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 114-119

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-conducted educational intervention on reducing errors related to inappropriate insulin pen use.Methods: This ... Read More

Initiatives to reduce nonprescription sales and dispensing of antibiotics: Findings and implications

Vanda Markovic-Pekovic; Nataša Grubiša; Johanita Burger; Ljubica Bojanić; Brian Godman

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 120-125

Abstract

: Irrational use of antimicrobials is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance, exacerbated by dispensing antibiotics without a prescription. Our previous study suggested this ... Read More

An audit of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis: Compliance with the international guidelines

Sarah Mousavi; Elham Zamani; Faranak Bahrami

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 126-129

Abstract

Antimicrobial prophylaxis has been demonstrated to lower the incidence of postoperative infection in nearly all types of surgery. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists ... Read More

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom in a patient with pneumonia and hyperthyroidism

Hualiang Jin; Limin Wang; Jian Ye

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 130-133

Abstract

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome is an idiosyncratic drug reaction characterized by fever, skin eruption, lymph node enlargement, and internal organ involvement. ... Read More

Erratum: A copmarative review of electronic prescription systems: Lessons learned from developed countries

Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017

Volume 11 (2022)

Volume 10 (2021)

Volume 9 (2020)

Volume 8 (2019)

Volume 7 (2018)

Volume 6 (2017)

Volume 5 (2016)

Volume 4 (2015)

Volume 3 (2014)

Volume 2 (2013)

Volume 1 (2012)

Volume & Issue: Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2017, Pages 65-134

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