Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Endodontics, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Iranian Academy of Medical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
2 Department of Endodontics, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of Endodontics, Dental Implant Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the substantivity of chlorhexidine (CHX)
and doxycycline bond to the dentin in diffusion disk method.
Methods: A total of 92 dentin disks were prepared from Bovine’s teeth root. After removing
cementum and standardizing disks in weight and outer diameter, they were irrigated with
sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 17% and sterile saline and
sterilled in autoclave. Then, the first group (n = 36) were irrigated with chlrohexine 2% and
the second group (n = 36) with doxycycline 100 mg/mL, each for a period of 10 min. The
third group (n = 20) was considered as the control group. Samples were divided into four
subgroups, which after 1 day, 3, 6, and 12 weeks were incubated in plates containing Muller
Hinton agar broth and Enterococcus faecalis for a period of 48 h at 37°C temperature; then
the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. The antimicrobial effect of irrigating
solutions without binding to the dentin was also studied using the plate well method.
One‑way and univariate variance tests as well as Post‑hoc Tukey were used for data analyses.
Findings: The diameter of the zone of inhibition of doxycycline group was significantly
more than the CHX group from the beginning to the 3rd week (P < 0.005). After 3rd week,
mean diameter in doxycycline group declined as compared with the CHX group up to
12th week (P < 0.005). The difference between means in two groups was not significant in
the 3rd week (P = 0.87).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that CHX and doxycycline show antibacterial
activity for 12 weeks; although after 3rd week, the substantivity of CHX was significantly
greater than doxycycline. Both of these irrigants can be used in other pharmacological and
medical fields whenever a long‑lasting antibacterial action is needed.
Keywords
faecalis: Its role in root canal treatment failure and current
concepts in retreatment. J Endod 2006;32:93‑8.
2. Möller AJ, Fabricius L, Dahlén G, Ohman AE, Heyden G.
Influence on periapical tissues of indigenous oral bacteria
and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys. Scand J Dsent Res
1981;89:475‑84.
3. Matos Neto M, Santos SS, Leão MV, Habitante SM,
Rodrigues JR, JorgeAO. Effectiveness of three instrumentation
systems to remove Enterococcus faecalis from root canals. Int
Endod J 2012;45:435‑8.
4. LinYH, MickelAK, Chogle S. Effectiveness of selected materials
against Enterococcus faecalis: Part 3. The antibacterial effect of
calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis.
J Endod 2003;29:565‑6.
5. Tay FR, Hiraishi N, Schuster GS, Pashley DH, Loushine RJ,
Ounsi HF, et al. Reduction in antimicrobial substantivity of
MTAD after initial sodium hypochlorite irrigation. J Endod
2006;32:970‑5.
6. Carrilho MR, Carvalho RM, Sousa EN, Nicolau J, Breschi L,
Mazzoni A, et al. Substantivity of chlorhexidine to human
dentin. Dent Mater 2010;26:779‑85.
7. Basrani B, Lemonie C. Chlorhexidine gluconate. Aust Endod
J 2005;31:48‑52.
8. Gomes BP, Ferraz CC, Vianna ME, Berber VB, Teixeira FB,
Souza‑Filho FJ. In vitro antimicrobial activity of several
concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine
gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod
J 2001;34:424‑8.
9. BacaP, JuncoP, Arias‑MolizMT, CastilloF, Rodríguez‑ArchillaA,
Ferrer‑Luque CM. Antimicrobial substantivity over time of
chlorhexidine and cetrimide. J Endod 2012;38:927‑30.
10. Mohammadi Z, Giardino L, Palazzi F, Shalavi S, Farahani MF.
Substantivity of three concentrations of tetraclean in bovine
root dentin. Chonnam Med J 2012;48:155‑8.
11. Rasimick BJ, Shah RP, Musikant BL, Deutsch AS. Bacterial colonisation of root canal dentine previously treated with
endodontic irrigants. Aust Endod J 2010;36:489‑92.
12. Sjögren U, FigdorD, PerssonS, SundqvistG. Influence of infection
at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment
of teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 1997;30:297‑306.
13. Friedman S, Komorowski R, Maillet W, Klimaite R,
Nguyen HQ, Torneck CD. In vivo resistance of coronally
induced bacterial ingress by an experimental glass ionomer
cement root canal sealer. J Endod 2000;26:1‑5.
14. Deveaux E, Hildelbert P, Neut C, Romond C. Bacterial
microleakage of Cavit, IRM, TERM, and Fermit: A 21‑day
in vitro study. J Endod 1999;25:653‑9.
15. Kazemi RB, Safavi KE, Spångberg LS. Assessment of marginal
stability and permeability of an interim restorative endodontic
material. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;78:788‑96.
16. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjögren U. Microbiologic
analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the
outcome of conservative re‑treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med
Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;85:86‑93.
17. Mohammadi Z, Abbott PV. On the local applications of
antibiotics and antibiotic‑based agents in endodontics and
dental traumatology. Int Endod J 2009;42:555‑67.
18. Rosenthal S, Spångberg L, Safavi K. Chlorhexidine
substantivity in root canal dentin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral
Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004;98:488‑92.
19. Shahani MN, Subba Reddy VV. Comparison of antimicrobial
substantivity of root canal irrigants in instrumented root
canals up to 72 h: An in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev
Dent 2011;29:28‑33.
20. Leonardo MR, Tanomaru Filho M, Silva LA, Nelson Filho P,
Bonifácio KC, Ito IY. In vivo antimicrobial activity of 2%
chlorhexidine used as a root canal irrigating solution. J Endod
1999;25:167‑71.
21. Lenet BJ, Komorowski R, Wu XY, Huang J, Grad H,
Lawrence HP, et al. Antimicrobial substantivity of bovine root
dentin exposed to different chlorhexidine delivery vehicles.
J Endod 2000;26:652‑5.
22. Komorowski R, Grad H, Wu XY, Friedman S. Antimicrobial
substantivity of chlorhexidine‑treated bovine root dentin.
J Endod 2000;26:315‑7.
23. Stabholz A, Kettering J, Aprecio R, Zimmerman G, Baker PJ,
Wikesjö UM. Antimicrobial properties of human dentin
impregnated with tetracycline HCl or chlorhexidine. An
in vitro study. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20:557‑62.
24. Stabholz A, Kettering J, Aprecio R, Zimmerman G, Baker PJ,
Wikesjö UM. Retention of antimicrobial activity by human root
surfaces after in situ subgingival irrigation with tetracycline
HCl or chlorhexidine. J Periodontol 1993;64:137‑41.
25. Rasimick BJ, Wan J, Musikant BL, Deutsch AS. Stability of
doxycycline and chlorhexidine absorbed on root canal dentin.
J Endod 2010;36:489‑92.
26. Khademi AA, Mohammadi Z, Havaee A. Evaluation of the
antibacterial substantivity of several intra‑canal agents. Aust
Endod J 2006;32:112‑5.